What are sexes? And what are male and female? In this full length video essay, we’ll do a deep dive into how "sexes" are universally defined in biology and debunk common misconceptions.
Sexes are not social constructs, nor are they defined by chromosomes, body types, or personal identity. They are distinct and complementary reproductive strategies.
Read the original article here:
https://www.theparadoxinstitute.com/read/what-are-sexes
Sources:
[1] Lehtonen, J., Kokko, H., Parker, GA. (2016). What do isogamous organisms teach us about sex and the two sexes? PTBS, 371(1706), 1-12.
[2] Perrin, N. (2011). What uses are mating types–The ‘Developmental Switch’ Model. Evolution, 66-4, 947-956.
[3] Lehtonen, J., Parker, G. (2014). Gamete competition, gamete limitation, and the evolution of two sexes. Molecular Human Reproduction, 20(12).
[4] Ibid.
[5] Griffiths, P. (2020). A Process Theory of Biological Sex. Society for Applied Philosophy, YouTube.
[6] Bulmer, MG., Parker, GA. (2002). The evolution of anisogamy–a game-theoretic approach. Proceedings Biological Sciences, 269(1507), 2381-2388; da Silva, J. (2018). The evolution of sexes–a specific test of the disruptive selection theory. Ecology and Evolution, 8, 207-219.
[7] Lehtonen, J., Parker, G. (2014); Parker, GA. (2014). The sexual cascade and the ri…
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Original video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=99uFnw-eXJM
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